Abstract
We simulated particle-laden flow in a vertical channel with a Reynolds-averaged Navier--Stokes (RANS) two-fluid model including a Reynolds-stress model (RSM). Primary and turbulent statistics from counterpart Eulerian--Lagrangian (EL) and Eulerian--Eulerian Anisotropic-Gaussian (EE-AG) simulations were used to inform parameters and closures in the RSM. Flow in the channel center, including transitions, compared well with other simulations as mass loading increased. For small-Stokes particles, the RSM at greater mass loadings reproduced the transient clustering observed in the other models.
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