Abstract
Repetitive DNA is an intriguing portion of the genome still not completely discovered and shows a high variability in terms of sequence, genomic organization, and evolutionary mode. On the basis of the genomic organization, it includes satellite DNAs, which are organized as long arrays of head-to-tail linked repeats, and transposable elements, which are dispersed throughout the genome. These repeated elements represent a considerable fraction of vertebrate genomes contributing significantly in species evolution. In this review, we focus our attention on Rex1, Rex3 and Rex6, three elements specific of teleost genomes. We report an overview of data available on these retroelements highlighting their significative impact in chromatin and heterochromatin organization, in the differentiation of sex chromosomes, in the formation of supernumerary chromosomes, and in karyotype evolution in teleosts.
Highlights
Repetitive DNA is an intriguing portion of the genome still not completely discovered and shows a high variability in terms of sequence, genomic organization, and evolutionary mode
Most teleost genomes are predominantly composed of DNA transposons, exception made for tetraodon and stickleback, in which no prevalence of particular type of transposable elements (TEs) has been evidenced and for fugu which is rich in LINEs and SINEs
We report an overview of data available on Rex elements, a lineage specific retroelement, and highlight their significative impact on the evolution of teleost karyotype
Summary
Repetitive made up of sequence sequence motifs hundreds or or thousands thousands of of times times in in the the DNA is is made up of motifs repeated repeated hundreds genome and constitutes the major proportion of all the nuclear in most eukaryotic genomes genome and constitutes the major proportion of all the nuclear DNA in most eukaryotic genomes representing thethe cellcell nucleus [1,2].
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