Abstract
A continuing challenge for neuroscientists is to develop new conceptual tools and methodologies for understanding, predicting, and modeling the influences of rewarding/punishing outcomes on human behavior and decision-making. Reinforcement shapes behaviors from the most primitive (fight/flight, ingest/regurgitate, approach/avoid) to complex (buy/sell). Understanding the neural processes underlying reinforcement is critical for understanding economic and social decision-making. Moreover, comprehension of de-ranged processing and responses to reinforcing stimuli is crucial across a range of psychology fields and society as a whole, including psychiatric and neurological illness, eating disorders, criminality, and sociopathy (Vicario and Crescentini, 2012).
Highlights
Neuroimaging methods have provided important information on the neural network underlying reward processing
Studies have shown that the reward value (O’Doherty et al, 2000) and the subjective pleasantness (Kringelbach et al, 2003) of food and non-food stimuli are reflected in the activity of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)
A seminal imaging study reported that the observation of food pictures by underweight subjects with anorexia nervosa (AN) led to altered activity in insula, OFC, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (Frank et al, 2005)
Summary
Neuroimaging methods have provided important information on the neural network underlying reward processing. Studies have shown that the reward value (O’Doherty et al, 2000) and the subjective pleasantness (Kringelbach et al, 2003) of food and non-food stimuli are reflected in the activity of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). A seminal imaging study reported that the observation of food pictures by underweight subjects with AN led to altered activity in insula, OFC, and ACC (Frank et al, 2005).
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