Abstract
The public health sector has been greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccines have become a crucial means of managing the virus. mRNA vaccines have gained prominence among the available vaccines due to their effectiveness and safety, marking a significant advancement in the field of biotechnology. Traditional vaccines have often resulted in severe symptoms and partial protection, while newer recombinant vaccines have significant drawbacks. In contrast, mRNA vaccines offer unprecedented cost-effectiveness, safety, and high efficacy per dose. The mRNA vaccines transport bioengineered mRNA to the human body, which translates into proteins that stimulate the immune response. However, there are some challenges associated with the development and production of mRNA vaccines, such as efficient delivery and maintaining the integrity of the mRNA molecule during storage and delivery. Despite these challenges, mRNA vaccines represent the future of vaccinology and the first line of defense against major infectious diseases. This paper explores the structure, mechanisms, immunology, and related areas of study concerning mRNA vaccines. The paper emphasizes the challenges in developing and producing mRNA vaccines and potential solutions to overcome these challenges.
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