Abstract
The substantial volume of wastewater generated by the leather industry, laden with high levels of pollutants, poses a significant environmental threat. Without proper treatment, the discharge of such wastewater could have severe and detrimental effects on the environment. The treatment of wastewater in the leather industry is pivotal for mitigating environmental impacts and represents a cornerstone of sustainable environmental management. The industry not only minimizes its environmental impact but also aligns with and contributes to various sustainable development goals (SDGs). The industry’s commitment to responsible practices is demonstrated by employing diverse methods such as BOD, chlorides, COD, Cr (III), heavy metals, sulfates, and TDS. This includes adsorption, biochemical/biological treatment, chemical precipitation, Electro-coagulation, Fenton oxidation, hybrid processes, ozonation, electro-oxidation, photo-catalytic ozonation, and physical treatment. Moreover, a sustainable approach involves the recovery of valuable substances from the treated wastewater. The solid waste generated, particularly after chromium removal, contains minerals such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), which are categorized into 4R (reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover) dimensions. Integrating advanced wastewater treatment methods and resource recovery processes in the leather industry not only helps mitigate environmental impacts but also aligns with broader sustainability objectives, embodying a responsible and forward-thinking approach to wastewater management. Combining effective wastewater treatment in the leather industry is a cornerstone of sustainable environmental management. The emphasis on recovering valuable substances and repurposing solid waste underscores a holistic and responsible approach toward resource utilization. This comprehensive strategy indeed reflects a commitment to environmental stewardship and sustainability in the leather industry.
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