Abstract

Forward genetic screens have been instrumental in deciphering the molecular mechanisms that control agriculturally important traits. Traditionally, crop mutant collections are generated by chemical mutagenesis such as ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) treatment, physical irradiation, and insertional agents including T-DNAs and transposons (Wei et al., 2013; Li et al., 2016). Because EMS and irradiation-generated mutations are mosaic at the first generation (M1), forward genetic screens for any desirable phenotypes have to be conducted at the M2 generation.

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