Revolution of artificial intelligence in antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and anti-inflammatory techniques: Smart photo-sonodynamic appliance in the internet of dental things (IoDT)

Abstract

Antimicrobial photo-sonodynamic therapy (aPSDT) is a promising treatment for microbial infections, but it faces challenges such as bacterial resistance, limited anti-inflammatory effects, and a doctor-centered approach. We hypothesize that the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Dental Things (IoDT), and aPSDT to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of aPSDT by focusing on four crucial aspects—patients' usage, antimicrobial efficacy, biofilm prevention, and inflammation reduction. By leveraging IoDT, patients can utilize specialized dental devices outside of the traditional clinic setting, enabling remote access to treatment information, monitoring disinfection and progress, receiving guidance, and making necessary adjustments remotely. This integration enhances convenience and efficiency for both patients and dental professionals. Additionally, AI plays a crucial role in combating antimicrobial resistance and improving the efficacy of aPSDT. Through data analysis, AI can predict the development of resistance, simulate microbial evolution, monitor treatment responses, recommend combination therapies, and personalize treatment plans. Furthermore, AI has the potential to augment the effectiveness of aPSDT in treating inflammation by employing image analysis, personalized treatment planning, real-time monitoring, and therapeutic discovery.