Abstract
Summary Objective: this study aims a systematic review of the published literature on epidemiological and demographic characteristics of leptospirosis in Brazil, in the period 2000-2009. Methodology: studies were traced in SciELO, MEDLINE, and LILACS; 11 articles were considered eligible for the review. Results: seven studies associated the occurrence of rain or flooding with the increase number of cases; in urban areas, leptospirosis was related to low socioeconomic levels, increased of rainfall and household with a case of leptospirosis; in rural areas, the disease was associated with occupational activities (rice fields, and irrigated farming). Conclusion: factors involved in the transmission of leptospirosis are different for urban and rural areas, and prevention measures must be focused on these factors.
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