Revisão integrativa: avaliação da necessidade de algaliação/manutenção do cateter vesical na pessoa em situação crítica

Abstract

Introduction: Infections associated with Health Care is a common and transversal problem for Health Care Units, which urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most frequent, with a big consequence for the patient and his / her family, as well as for the institutions, due to the direct and indirect costs that they entail. It is estimated that approximately 40% of infections associated with health care refer to UTIs, and that about 80% of these infections refer to urinary catheter use in person in critical situation. Thus, the use of bladder catheter is the major risk factor for the development of UTIs, so it should be used only in cases that really require this procedure. The patient's frequency and duration of use of a bladder catheter determine the greater or lesser risk of developing a UTI. In this way, it is verified by the professionals the need for a safe practice of care based on scientific evidence. Aim: Identify the effects of implementation of a protocol for the daily evaluation of the need to have a bladder catheter and maintenance it in the person in critical situation, according to the criteria defined by Direcao Geral de Saude, contributing to the reduction of the number of bladder catheterization. Materials and Methods: Integrative Literature Review with advanced research at EBSCOhost, being included complete articles, published in English, Portuguese and Spanish, with available references, full text, and publication dates between 2013 to 2017, excluding articles from the pediatrics area, duplicate articles and outside the objective of the study, having selected 8 articles. Results: According to the results obtained, it was verified that all authors defend that a daily evaluation of the need for bladder catheterization/permanence of the bladder catheter in the person in critical situation through the application of a defined protocol is very important to decrease the number of bladder catheterization insertions and days of permanence of the bladder catheter. Conclusion: Scientific evidence on the daily evaluation of the need for bladder catheterization and maintenance of the bladder catheter in person in critical situation was identified, through the implementation of a defined protocol, contributing to a decrease of catheter-associated UTI.