Abstract

This paper revisits the opportunities of using WiFi offloading for Vehicle to Internet (V2I) communication, and how this has changed over the last decade. With the rollouts of provider-managed WiFi networks that are more structured and operate under authenticated regimes, WiFi offloading, or use of available (roadside) WiFi networks for V2I data communication, has different opportunities and challenges. To study the current landscape,we develop a system (X-Fi), which efficiently selects, associates to, authenticates with, and performs WiFi offloading for V2I communication with these networks, and a tool (X-Perf), which illustrates opportunities of WiFi offloading available today in these networks, with measurements and experiments across four metro areas across three continents over 22 months. Our results indicate the feasibility of achieving 1 GB/hour application goodput, an order of magnitude higher than the number provided by open WiFi networks in the past, which can take a significant load away from alternative communication paths for V2I systems. Moreover, we provide several implications on transport protocols and WiFi deployments to shed light on the use of such WiFi networks for V2I communication.

Highlights

  • Vehicle to Internet (V2I) communication has been a topic of significant research over the years

  • Transport performance: We present a list of the metrics used to assess the transport performance of V2I WiFi offloading. ∙ Average TCP goodput: The aggregated average goodput of a TCP session calculated based on pcap traces. ∙ Data volume: The total number of bytes that have been successfully transferred during a TCP session

  • We revisit the opportunities of using WiFi offloading for V2I communication, and how this has changed over the last decade

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Summary

Introduction

Vehicle to Internet (V2I) communication has been a topic of significant research over the years. New systems that improve V2I communication [1,2] and measurement studies of how commercial and research systems fare under the prevalent network conditions have described the evolution of such systems [3,4]. Many efforts observed that if every vehicle were to connect and communicate with Internet-hosted infrastructure, the aggregate data volumes are likely to overwhelm common cellular capacities. Cabernet [3], circa 2008, is a good exemplar of such a system where various location-related data from Boston taxis were uploaded using such opportunistic encounters with such open WiFi APs. The authors conducted an extensive measurement study that demonstrated the feasibility of such a system and for their region of interest, achieved a mean throughput of 86 Kbps

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