Abstract
Experimental results show that bi-layer graded cathodes exhibit higher discharge capacity with increasing C-rates compared to conventional monolayer electrodes, along with an increase in energy and power density.
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems since their introduction into the consumer electronics market by Sony Corporation in the early 1990s.1 LIBs have been used in a wide range of portable electronic devices including laptops, cell phones, medical implants, power tools, and other modern-life appliances.[2,3] In recent years, LIBs have been recognized as playing an integral part in the advancement and large-scale deployment of electric vehicles (EVs).[4]
We report on a novel bi-layer structure in which the manufactured graded design comprises two distinct particle sizes and porosities in adjacent layers
The bi-layer cathode (BLC) emerges as a promising electrode candidate as it exhibits improved cell performance compared to conventional electrodes during initial cycles
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems since their introduction into the consumer electronics market by Sony Corporation in the early 1990s.1 LIBs have been used in a wide range of portable electronic devices including laptops, cell phones, medical implants, power tools, and other modern-life appliances.[2,3] In recent years, LIBs have been recognized as playing an integral part in the advancement and large-scale deployment of electric vehicles (EVs).[4]. Thick electrodes can increase energy density through the use of a high active material (AM) loading This increase in energy density comes at the expense of Several strategies have been proposed to improve power– energy combinations including introducing new materials, modifying the surface of existing materials, and the microstructural engineering of electrodes.[2,7,8] The latter strategy avoids changes in battery chemistry and is the focus of this research. One of the promising avenues for electrode engineering is grading an electrode by spatially varying microstructures (i.e. porosities and/or particle sizes) or compositions (i.e. concentration of AM and/or conductive additives). Most of the reports on graded electrodes have focused on the modelling effort to predict cell performance.[9,10,11,12,13,14,15] Simulation results show mixed results, with both signi cant bene ts[9,10,13,14] and only marginal improvement[11,15] reported for electrodes with graded architectures compared to conventional electrodes with single sized particles and constant porosity, depending on the design parameters and range of conditions evaluated
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