Abstract

This essay focuses on the debate between Mengzi and Gaozi in the Mengzi 6A: 4 concerning the internal-external issue of ren and yi, i.e., whether ren and yi is internal or external. It argues that 1) ren and yi each integrate the internal and the external dimensions in Mengzi’s view; and 2) Mengzi and Gaozi utilize distinctive standards, i.e., the heart boundary and the family boundary, to differentiate between the internal and the external, which offers an alternative reading to the Mengzi 6A: 4.

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