Revisiting the evolved hypergiants in the Magellanic Clouds

Abstract

Abstract The massive stars that survive the phase of red supergiants (RSGs) spend the rest of their life in extremity. Their unstable atmospheres facilitate the formation and episodic ejection of shells that alter the stellar appearance and surroundings. In the present study, we revise the evolutionary state of eight hypergiants in the Magellanic Clouds, four of early-A type and four of FG type, and complement the short list of the eruptive post-RSGs termed as yellow hypergiants. We refine the outdated temperatures and luminosities of the stars by means of high-resolution spectroscopy with the Fiber-fed Extended Range Optical Spectrograph (FEROS). The A-type stars are suggested to be in their early, post-main-sequence phase, showing spectrophotometric characteristics of redward evolving supergiants. On the other hand, the FG-type stars manifest themselves through the enhanced atmospheric activity that is traced by emission filling in H α and the dynamical modulation of the low-excitation Ba ii line. Of these stars, the dusty HD269723 is suggested to have recently departed from a cool phase. We identify double-peaked emission in the FEROS data of HD269953 that emerges from an orbiting disc-hosting companion. The highlight of the study is an episode of enhanced mass-loss of HD271182 that manifests as a dimming event in the light curve and renders the star ‘modest’ analogue to ρ Cas. The luminosity log (L/L⊙) = 5.6 of HD271182 can serve as an updated threshold for the luminosity of stars exhibiting a post-RSG evolution in the Large Magellanic Cloud.