Abstract
In the context of literary translation studies, a translation can be challenged at any time, which may lead to its retranslation. According to “Retranslation Hypothesis”, first translations tend to be more target-oriented than subsequent, more recent translations. Retranslations, the hypothesis claims, get closer to the source text, resulting in a more accomplished target text. Several different factors are found to make “Retranslation Hypothesis” possible. Yet the extent to which the Hypothesis is supported by empirical evidence is in question. Thus, the present study, in order to test the validity of “Retranslation Hypothesis” and supplementary nature of retranslations over time, as stated by Robinson (1999), selected three chapters of Austin’s classic novel, Pride and Prejudice (1813), together with its first and subsequent translations into Persian. The comparative analysis of three stylistic features (type/token ratio, average sentence length, speech representation) between the source and the translated texts was underpinned by Baker’s (2000) and Short’s (1996) methodologies for investigating style as a means of measuring degrees of closeness or divergence, and charting the treatment of the retranslation over time. In partial support of “Retranslation Hypothesis”, the findings of this study revealed a more source-text oriented nature for re- translations in an attempt of the translators to keep the original stylistic features intact. Thus, it can be claimed that the Hypothesis is valid to some extent in this respect. The findings of the present study may prove to be useful to the professional translators of foreign literary works in that they show the prevailing approach applied by the first and later translators. In addition, the findings can be of great help to the publishers and editors of literary translations, in terms of the necessity of producing retranslations over time or reprinting first translations.
Highlights
The “Retranslation Hypothesis” has been presented in an article by French scholar Berman (1990: p. 1), talking basically about literary retranslation
Since, according to Baker (2000: p. 250), “a high type/token ratio means the writer uses a wider range of vocabulary [and] a low type/token ratio means that a writer drows on a more restricted set of vocabulary items”, the researchers found that Mosaaheb, the first translator, enjoys more distinct words in her translation
As Retranslation Hypothesis” (RH) claims, it is so because the first translation serves as an introduction of the foreign work to the target readers, the need for new source-oriented retranslation in which the focus is on the letter and style of the source text (ST)
Summary
The “Retranslation Hypothesis” has been presented in an article by French scholar Berman (1990: p. 1), talking basically about literary retranslation. Completion to Berman refers to the success of a translation in getting closer to the source text (ST) and in representing the encounter between the translator and the language of the original (1990). He believes that all translations are marked with an inherent “failure” that is at its peak in its first translation Berman (1990) takes three main reasons in to account for rendering a new translation of the already translated texts He primarily speaks of historical, interpretive, and recaption-oriented grounds as specific justifications for the act of retranslation. Other reasons for retranslations, as Kujamäki (2001) claims, are ideological and political factors that give rise to a need for retranslation of canonical literary texts in particular
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