Abstract
We present a comprehensive impact study of future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) data for parity-conserving and parity-violating polarization asymmetries on quark and gluon helicity distributions in the proton. The study, which is based on the JAM Monte Carlo global QCD analysis framework, explores the role of the extrapolation uncertainty and SU(3) flavor symmetry constraints in the simulated double-spin asymmetry, $A_{LL}$, at small parton momentum fractions $x$ and its effect on the extracted parton polarizations. We find that different assumptions about $A_{LL}$ extrapolations and SU(3) symmetry can have significant consequences for the integrated quark and gluon polarizations, for polarized proton, deuteron and $^3$He beams. For the parity-violating asymmetry, $A_{UL}$, we study the potential impact on the polarized strange quark distribution with different extrapolations of $A_{UL}$, finding the constraining power to be ultimately limited by the EIC machine luminosity.
Highlights
The quest to understand the spin decomposition of the proton into its primordial quark and gluon helicity and orbital angular momentum components has motivated considerable effort in the nuclear physics community for over three decades [1,2]
Having established the theoretical framework and the set of baseline spin-averaged and spin-dependent parton distribution functions (PDFs), together with the estimated statistical and systematic uncertainties of the projected Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) data, we present the results of the simulations including the ALL and AUL asymmetry pseudodata and their impact on the quark and gluon helicity distributions
To address the prospects of extracting physics from various observables planned for the EIC under specific projected experimental conditions
Summary
The quest to understand the spin decomposition of the proton into its primordial quark and gluon helicity and orbital angular momentum components has motivated considerable effort in the nuclear physics community for over three decades [1,2]. DprSoStoVn14psehuedliocditaytaPDatFps ffis[ffi11⁄44],44su.7ppGleemVe. nMtedostwritehcetnhtely,EIaCn impact study of projected EIC semi-inclusive DIS data for unpolarized PDFs and fragmentation functions was performed in Ref. We revisit the analysis of future EIC data on both inclusive parity-conserving and parity-violating polarization asymmetries and their impact on the quark and gluon helicity distributions in the proton. Our analysis is the first to explore in detail the impact of polarized parity-violating DIS on spin-dependent PDFs, while previous related studies [16] focused only on structure functions and the weak mixing angle.
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