Abstract
In literature concerning ionic liquid (IL) applications, the commonly accepted properties of ionic liquids are frequently mentioned. For example, ionic liquids are described as possessing immeasurably low vapor pressure, being “green material”, non-coordinating, physically and chemically stable, and non-toxic, to name a few. However, all these descriptions are deemed “not exact” [1] as intensive research on ionic liquid properties continues. This review highlights the most recent developments in IL chemistry where the “well-known” description of IL properties sometimes proves to be inaccurate. However, in the authors’ opinion, all these new research developments concerning ionic liquid properties serve to update knowledge on the typical physical and chemical properties of ILs, which is significant to both theoretical research and industrial applications. This review presents an opportunity to understand IL through a more complete and accurate view. It seeks to pave the way for further studies on IL application in various fields.
Highlights
Scientific and technical research on ionic liquid (IL) application has progressed over the last 20 years
This review presents an opportunity to understand IL through a more complete and accurate view
Various methods were subsequently developed to determine the polarity of ILs, such as fluorescent dye method [79,80], EPR spectroscopy [81], 2-nitrocyclohexanone tautomerism method [82], microwave spectroscopy [83], FT-IR spectroscopic probe (Fe(CO)5) [84], and FT-IR combined with density functional calculations (DFT) [85]
Summary
Scientific and technical research on ionic liquid (IL) application has progressed over the last 20 years. There is a significant number of high-quality reviews on IL research activities, from the early ones that generally focused on catalysis [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13], to current detailed descriptions of specified applications such as coordination chemistry [14], physicochemical properties [15], analytical chemistry [16], polymer materials [17], fluorine chemistry [18], and nanotechnology [19] All these reviews contribute largely to the rapid rise and stimulation of research interest on ILs. This review attempts to highlight the new findings concerning ionic liquid properties, those indicating that the ILs’ “well-known” descriptions should be updated and even corrected. A more complete and accurate understanding of IL properties will be beneficial for further studies concerning these “magic” liquids
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