Revisiting Caste in the Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda

Abstract

Caste still continues to be the most intriguing, yet fascinating, phenomenon which has not ceased to fascinate hordes of thinkers and intellectuals. Scholarships, amidst all those that abhor caste, appear to be overwhelming in the contemporary discourses. In the light of some theories which profess deep abomination against the caste system in India, Vivekananda’s own elucidation on caste no longer necessitates to be placed into oblivion, even if most of the literatures on caste today appear not to take cognizance of it. Swami Vivekananda’s interpretation of caste presents itself as a powerful defence of the caste system in India. Vivekananda does not bluntly promote the goodness of caste, for Vivekananda’s defence of caste is precisely located on certain philosophical underpinnings which are largely bolstered by the historical trajectory of India related to caste. While reflecting on the brighter side of caste system, Vivekananda unravels the unique cultural and historical narratives of India. This article seeks to examine Vivekananda’s own viewpoints on the question of caste in India, both in its original pristine form and in its modern caste practices. It further attempts to explore how far Vivekananda’s statement on the inherent merits of caste system clashes with some of the rival theories.