Abstract
Since the adoption of some ambiguous and quantitative characters in Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae 3(1), species identifications of the series Gravesiana have been in disarray, requiring clarification. Two hundred and fifty-nine individuals from 47 different populations were collected for the estimation of morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses. Spores of 26 populations were observed through scanning electron microscope. Our results were different from those of previous research: (1) six identifiable species, rather than five species observed previously, were confirmed in the series Gravesiana, they are A. gravesii, A. juxtapositum, A. mariesii, A. dentatum, A. longzhouensis and A. obovatum, of which the latter three are newly recognized species. (2) Thirteen characters were measured and estimated through the program Mesquite v. 2.71. The character whether the pinna stalks were 1/3-1/2 times longer than the pinna was used to distinguish A. gravesii and A. lianxianense previously and was found to be unreliable here, whereas such characters as the height of the plant (H), pinna aligned forms (FP), number of pinna (NP), pinna margin (M), number of veins flabellate at base (NV), sori number and shape per pinna (NSS), pinna texture (T), and powder-covered or not on the abaxial surface of the pinna (P) are estimated to be stable and reliable characters useful for identification. Descriptions of new species and their retrieve keys are also listed. (3) Surface ornamentations and spore sizes are helpful for us to distinguish species in series Gravesiana.
Highlights
Pteridaceae is a large family containing approximately 50 genera and 950 species, with most of them existing in tropical and arid regions [1]
259 individuals from 49 populations were collected and silica-gel-dried for DNA extraction, of which 22 populations were from A. gravesii, 4 populations were from A. juxtapositum, 2 populations were from A. lianxianense, 8 populations were from A. mariesii, and the other 13 populations were doubtful taxa (Fig 3)(no individuals of A. chienii were collected?)
The topologies derived from the analyses of single dataset and the combined dataset were congruent; we adopted the topology from the combined dataset here
Summary
259 individuals from 49 populations were collected and silica-gel-dried for DNA extraction, of which 22 populations were from A. gravesii, 4 populations were from A. juxtapositum, 2 populations were from A. lianxianense, 8 populations were from A. mariesii, and the other 13 populations were doubtful taxa (Fig 3)(no individuals of A. chienii were collected?). Six plastid genes (atpA, atpB, rbcL, trnL-F, trnS and matK) of 76 individuals from 42 populations were amplified and sequenced to generate a phylogenetic tree of the series Gravesiana. To construct the phylogenetic tree of Chinese Adiantum, five chloroplast genes (atpA, atpB, rbcL, trnL-F and trnS) of A. nelumboides X.C. Zhang (2 accessions), A. reniforme L. Details on the collection of the 78 individuals of the series Gravesiana including collection locality and date, longitude, latitude and altitude are shown in S1 Table, and the information for all other taxa are listed in S2 Table
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