Abstract
We review the theory of optical klystrons, with its applications for self-amplified spontaneous emission free electron lasers in mind. We show that previous theories miss terms in the power gain factor that cannot be neglected, and we illustrate differences between the previously known analytical expressions, new ones found in this paper, and numerical calculations. We then consider the use of optical klystrons for electron energy-spread and radiation coherence-time diagnostics purposes.
Highlights
A free electron laser (FEL)-based optical klystron [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] is a device constituted by two FEL radiators with a longitudinal dispersion element in between
We review the theory of optical klystrons, with its applications for self-amplified spontaneous emission free electron lasers in mind
We show that previous theories miss terms in the power gain factor that cannot be neglected, and we illustrate differences between the previously known analytical expressions, new ones found in this paper, and numerical calculations
Summary
A free electron laser (FEL)-based optical klystron [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] is a device constituted by two FEL radiators with a longitudinal dispersion element in between. Since the behavior of the power gain factor on the strength of the dispersion depends parametrically on the electron energy spread, the system can be used in order to diagnose this important parameter. It has been considered [11] to use optical klystron-based measurements to investigate the coherence properties of the FEL pulse directly in the time domain. Upon expansion for a small energy spread parameter, we find deviations from previously reported expressions for the power gain factor. We discuss ways to use the theory to come to a determination of the energy spread of the electron beam and of the coherence time of the radiation pulse. We come to a discussion about the applicability of the one-dimensional theory and to conclusions
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