Revised tuning of Ocean Drilling Program Site 964 and KC01B (Mediterranean) and implications for the δ18O, tephra, calcareous nannofossil, and geomagnetic reversal chronologies of the past 1.1 Myr

Abstract

High‐resolution color reflectance records of KC01 and KC01B (Calabrian Ridge, Ionian Sea) are presented and compared with a modified spliced high‐resolution color reflectance record of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 964. This comparison revealed that KC01B is characterized by intensive deformation between ∼27 and 28.5 m piston depth and that some sapropels are tectonically reduced in thickness. Moreover, the piston coring has caused considerable stretching in the top of KC01 and KC01B. Using a new splice of ODP Site 964 as guide, previous astronomical tuned timescales of KC01B and ODP Site 964 were evaluated. This evaluation resulted in a new sapropel‐based astronomical timescale for the last 1.1 Myr. The new timescale implies a much more uniform change in sedimentation rate for the Ionian Sea cores. Two prominent excursions to lighter values in the δ18O record of the planktonic foraminiferal species Globigerinoides ruber occur during marine isotopic stages 12 and 16 applying the new timescale. These shifts correspond with maxima in obliquity and are punctuated by minima in the precession cycle. They are absent in global ice volume records and are interpreted as reflecting a (summer) low‐salinity surface water lens that floats on top of extremely saline intermediate and deep waters at times of the very low sea levels during these glacial periods. All biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic events found in KC01B and ODP Site 964 were re‐dated according to the new timescale, and the ages of 33 tephra layers were reviewed. The new ages for the Calabrian Ridge 2 and 3 magnetic events in the Brunhes are concordant with minima in the global Sint800 composite record, derived from worldwide deep‐sea records of relative paleointensity and have been attributed to the Big Lost and La Palma excursions, respectively.