Abstract
The genetic and biological similarity between non-human primates and humans has ensured the continued use of primates in biomedical research where other species cannot be used. Health-monitoring programmes for non-human primates provide an approach to monitor and control both endemic and incoming agents that may cause zoonotic and anthroponotic disease or interfere with research outcomes. In 1999 FELASA recommendations were published which aimed to provide a harmonized approach to health monitoring programmes for non-human primates. Scientific and technological progress, understanding of non-human primates and evolving microbiology has necessitated a review and replacement of the current recommendations.These new recommendations are aimed at users and breeders of the commonly used non-human primates; Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque) and Macaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus macaque). In addition, other species including Callithrix jacchus (Common marmoset) Saimiri sciureus (Squirrel monkey) and others are included. The important and challenging aspects of non-human primate health-monitoring programmes are discussed, including management protocols to maintain and improve health status, health screening strategies and procedures, health reporting and certification. In addition, information is provided on specific micro-organisms and the recommended frequency of testing.
Highlights
Since the publication in 1999 of recommendations for health monitoring of non-human primate colonies[1] science has evolved
New methodologies have been developed and priorities for health screening non-human primates (NHPs) have changed with new assessments outlined in EU directive 2010/63/EU
This paper considers the species of NHPs most commonly used in biomedical research: Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque) and Macaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus macaque)
Summary
Since the publication in 1999 of recommendations for health monitoring of non-human primate colonies[1] science has evolved. In order to improve the health status of a colony, sources of endemic infection should be identified and action taken to reduce or prevent the transmission of the infectious agent to other non-infected animals. All facilities that breed or house NHPs for biomedical research should implement risk-based programmes for the detection and control of potential pathogens and other agents of interest Where appropriate these should be aimed at the eradication of the agent in question, or prevent its introduction, to ensure the health of animals and staff and to prevent compromise to research programmes. It must be accepted, that the aim of eliminating all infectious agents from colonies of NHPs may not be a realistic goal nor, desirable.
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