Abstract
The purpose of this review article is to outline the extended applications of polyurethane (PU)-based nanocomposites incorporated with conductive polymeric particles as well as to condense an outline on the chemistry and fabrication of polyurethanes (PUs). Additionally, we discuss related research trends of PU-based conducting materials for EMI shielding, sensors, coating, films, and foams, in particular those from the past 10 years. PU is generally an electrical insulator and behaves as a dielectric material. The electrical conductivity of PU is imparted by the addition of metal nanoparticles, and increases with the enhancing aspect ratio and ordering in structure, as happens in the case of conducting polymer fibrils or reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Nanocomposites with good electrical conductivity exhibit noticeable changes based on the remarkable electric properties of nanomaterials such as graphene, RGO, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Recently, conducting polymers, including PANI, PPY, PTh, and their derivatives, have been popularly engaged as incorporated fillers into PU substrates. This review also discusses additional challenges and future-oriented perspectives combined with here-and-now practicableness.
Highlights
Accepted: 27 January 2022Among various insulating polymers matrices, such as epoxies, alkyds, polyacrylates, polyurethanes (PUs), and others, PUs in particular consist of isocyanates of hard segments and polyols of soft segments, and are one of the widest applicable polymers through tailoring polymer structures
The coated coated PPy/PU layer was micropatterned with 3D geometries by laser, and the comPPy/PU layer was micropatterned with 3D geometries by laser, and the composites posites were coated by Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) to restore were coated by Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) to restore their chemtheir chemical and electrical activity integrity
It has been shown that the effect between conducting polymers as fillers and insulating PUs as matrices enables increases in their properties involving processability, stability, and solubility and their thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties [76]
Summary
Among various insulating polymers matrices, such as epoxies, alkyds, polyacrylates, polyurethanes (PUs), and others, PUs in particular consist of isocyanates of hard segments and polyols of soft segments, and are one of the widest applicable polymers through tailoring polymer structures. In spite of versatile applications, the use of standalone PU often cannot ensure that sufficient thermal and mechanical performances are attained For these reasons, it is inevitable to supplement character by blending and composite type in PUs. The effect of introducing conducting polymers into insulating matrices, such as PU, is already well-known. The PU could be modified according to the demands of their applications alternated with bio-based materials; as such, it is necessary to obtain the desired polyols utilized as chain-extenders for the manufacture of bio-based PU This involves modifications, including hydroxylation of vegetable oils, amidation of tannic acid, epoxidation of unsaturated natural products, modification of starch with epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A, glycerolysis of citric acid, etc. This involves modifications, including hydroxylation of vegetable oils, amidation of tannic acid, epoxidation of unsaturated natural products, modification of starch with epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A, glycerolysis of citric acid, etc. [49,50]
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