Abstract
Solid state electrolyte systems boasting Li+ conductivity of >10 mS cm−1 at room temperature have opened the potential for developing a solid state battery with power and energy densities that are competitive with conventional liquid electrolyte systems. The primary focus of this review is twofold. First, differences in Li penetration resistance in solid state systems are discussed, and kinetic limitations of the solid state interface are highlighted. Second, technological challenges associated with processing such systems in relevant form factors are elucidated, and architectures needed for cell level devices in the context of product development are reviewed. Specific research vectors that provide high value to advancing solid state batteries are outlined and discussed.
Highlights
The advantage of energy density remains to be realized in solid state electrolytes (SSEs) since most studies to date utilize thick SSEs or cathodes with low active loading compared to liquid counterparts.[4,5]
Changes in volume can lead to physical delamination of the electrode-electrolyte interface and fracture of solid state components
Prior work on solid Li|LiI-Al2O3 interfaces by Jow and Liang shed light on physical limitations for metallic stripping occurring during discharge.[162]. These findings indicate that there is a limit to the maximum current that can be drawn from a solid interface due to a self-diffusion limitation in the metal; i.e. the rate at which the metal is being depleted at the SSE interface is greater than the rate at which the bulk metal can fill vacancies
Summary
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The advantage of energy density remains to be realized in solid state electrolytes (SSEs) since most studies to date utilize thick SSEs or cathodes with low active loading compared to liquid counterparts.[4,5] the desire to use SSEs in conjunction with Li metal anodes requires understanding and managing the morphology of Li metal plating, which can impact volumetric energy density. Operation at both higher and lower temperature compared to conventional technologies is a significant potential advantage of SSE systems. While processing parameters can have significant effects on properties such as conductivity, this discussion is not focused on optimization of a single parameter, but instead takes a holistic approach to developments necessary for a robust product
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