Reviewing Alumina-Zirconia Composite as a Ceramic Biomaterial

Abstract

In orthopedics, increasing the implant lifetime minimizes the need for repair surgery, which benefits the patient’s health and the practice bottom line. The quality of the materials and designs is always being enhanced to reach the ultimate objective of a single implant that would last a person their whole life. The purpose of orthopedic treatments is to enhance the patient’s ability to participate in normal activities and socialize, and the implant carrier should not be subjected to unnecessary limitations. As a result, implants are exposed to severe mechanical stress and the inherently hostile in vivo biochemical environment, which is particularly prevalent in younger and more active people. The development of hip prosthesis design and materials has taken this path in recent years. This development is one of the most challenging problems in the field of implant technology in this century. In this study, various materials, including ceramics, glass, metal alloys, polymers, metal alloys, composites, and others, were used in an effort to combine biocompatibility with fatigue resistance, stiffness, hardness, the capacity to withstand dynamic and static stresses, and excellent chemical and mechanical wear resistance. The fracture toughness of zirconia-toughened alumina composites is increased by a factor of four compared to alumina by itself. Zirconia was first included in alumina as a densifier; however, it was not until much later that zirconia was used as a reinforcement particle to increase the level of toughness in the material. The use of ZTA to improve the mechanical properties of orthopedic implants has lately been the subject of several studies, which have all just been concluded. This research includes a literature review primarily concerned with the Biolox Delta composite, its microstructural properties, manufacturing and prosthesis materials for it to identify as a bioceramic material for medical applications.