Abstract
Vibriosis is a bacterial disease that has been reported in Indonesian marine fish culture since the 1990s. The disease was reported mostly in grouper and shrimp (monodon and vanname) farming, although the infections in snapper (Lates calcarifer)and abalone (Haliotis squamata)aquaculture were also occurred. Causative agents of vibriosis in Indonesia marine fish is involving 14 species of vibrio namelyVibrio harveyi, V. anguillarum, V. alginoluticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis, V. furnisii, V. methcnikovii, V. vulnificus, V. ordalii, V. cincinnatiensis, V. carchariae, V. azureus, V. mimicus and V. damsela. Control of vibriosis is conducted with water quality management, applications of vaccines, antibiotics, probiotics and immunostimulants. Most vaccines developed and commercially available in Indonesia are in the form of inactive-whole cell types. The vaccine product is effective enough to protect fish from vibriosis. Probiotics have been widely studied since the 2000s and have been shown to increase fish and shrimp growth and resistances against vibriosis. Immunostimulants began to be developed since 2010 based on the extracts of terrestrial plants, seaweeds and chitosan. It is therefore concluded that the continuous existence of pathogenic strains in aquaculture farm requires further development of the control methods, including periodic updating of the vaccines, probiotics and immunostimulant formulas for more potent efficacies.
Highlights
Vibriosis is a bacterial disease caused by a member of the genus Vibrio
A summary of the species found as causative agents of vibriosis in Indonesian marine culture is shown in table 1
Between 2000-2010, more species were found to contribute to vibriosis in fish and shrimps, including V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. vulnificus, V. metchnikovii, V
Summary
Vibriosis is a bacterial disease caused by a member of the genus Vibrio. The bacteria, Vibrio spp. has a wide range of hosts including wild and cultured fish [1]. Vibriosis of Indonesian marine fish farming has been reported since the 1990s. It is the main bacterial disease of cultured marine fish and shrimps in Indonesia [4]. A summary of the species found as causative agents of vibriosis in Indonesian marine culture is shown in table 1. Between 2000-2010, more species were found to contribute to vibriosis in fish and shrimps, including V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. vulnificus, V. metchnikovii, V. Thereafter, Vibriosis in Indonesian fish farming were associated with the infection of V. harveyii, V. alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. anguilarum, V. parahaemolyticus, V. azureus, V. damsela (Photobacterium damsela subspecies piscicida), V. mimicus and V. fluvialis [11, 12, 13, 6, 14, 15]. It is challenging to overcome the disease caused by new isolated species in the last decade such as the V. azureus, V. mimicus and V. damsela (Photobacterium damsela subspecies piscicida)
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