Abstract
Proper functioning of the body depends on hormonal homeostasis. White adipose tissue is now known as an endocrine organ due to the secretion of multiple molecules called adipokines. These proteins exert direct effects on whole body functions, including lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, and reproduction, whereas changes in their level are linked with pathological events, such as infertility, diabetes, and increased food intake. Vaspin-visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor, or SERPINA12 according to serpin nomenclature, is an adipokine discovered in 2005 that is connected to the development of insulin resistance, obesity, and inflammation. A significantly higher amount of vaspin was observed in obese patients. The objective of this review was to summarize the latest findings about vaspin expression and action in endocrine tissues, such as the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adipose tissue, thyroid, ovary, placenta, and testis, as well as discuss the link between vaspin and pathologies connected with hormonal imbalance.
Highlights
Communication between tissues and the coordination of body function is regulated by both the endocrine and nervous systems [1]
Vaspin binds to the cell surface to a 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), known as the heat shock protein family A member 5 (HSPA5) or binding immunoglobulin protein, which is recruited from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane under ER stress [38]
Vaspin is expressed in endocrine tissues, including the hypothalamus, pancreas, adipose tissue, ovaries, placenta, and testes
Summary
Communication between tissues and the coordination of body function is regulated by both the endocrine and nervous systems [1]. Reproduction, metabolic homeostasis, and blood volume regulation [5]. White adipose tissue (WAT) may be the largest endocrine tissue in the human body, secreting more than 1000 potential cell-signaling mediators [9], called adipokines, including cytokines, growth factors, hormones, chemokines, and proteins [10]. Adipokines are involved in multiple functions in the organism, including glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, and blood pressure regulation, as well as reproduction [10]. In this review, we collected data about vaspin, focusing on its expression and function in endocrine cells, including the hypothalamus, pancreas, thyroid gland, adipose tissue, ovaries, placenta, and testes, as well as the link between vaspin and different disorders connected to endocrine imbalance
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