Abstract
The review mainly describes the in-line HPLC biosensor for analytical work as a promising detector/method of detection, its presentation, application, and progress in use. The unique ability of the biosensor detector is selectivity reaction on some pheromones, alarm substances, phosphor organic insecticides, toxins such as cholinesterase inhibitors among which are chemical warfare substances such as Tabun, Sarin, Chlorosarin, Soman, Ethylsarin, and Cyclosarin. The olfactory system of fish Carassius carassius L. is used as an in-line HPLC biosensor for analytical work. The olfactory system is built to be a highly selective and sensitive detection device with incorporated sensory-, primary filter-, primary multiplier- and selection regions for odorants (by LOT, IMOT and mMOT tracts). Olfactory neurons are nature’s constructed sensors. The spectrum of efficiency to relevant substances varies greatly between the different species and is determined by the olfactory receptors expressed in the sensory neurons. The detection thresholds for the olfactory-relevant substances are commonly in or below picomolar/L concentrations due to the integrative operation of the secondary neurons in the olfactory bulb. In our laboratory, we have used the olfactory system in the fish Carassius carassius L., as an in-line detector for HPLC for recordings of the alarm substances and sex pheromones under chromatographic separation. This approach was useful for detection of some insecticides, xenobiotics, and toxins as cholinesterase inhibitors among which are chemical warfare substances. In the publication (Brondz, 2015) High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) Equipped with a Neurophysiological Detector (NPD) as a Tool for Studying Olfactory System Intoxication by the Organophosphate (OP) Pesticide Diazinon and the Influence of OP Pesticides on Reproduction. International Journal of Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography, 3, No. 1, pp. 14-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijamsc.2015.31002 was shown experimental work. However, in this paper the explanations, discussion and conclusion were not sufficiently elaborated, and they were conceptual to only the professionals and were directed to a narrow spectrum of scientists. This review presents answers and explanations that will be understandable and useful for a broad spectrum of scientists and researchers as environmentalists, medics, biologist, toxicologist, specialists in military intelligence and everyone interested in nature.
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