Abstract
The overall goal of this study is investigating the environmental impacts of using wastewater effluent of industrial states in irrigation of green space. For this purpose, industrial state of Shokouhieh in Qom Province in central of Iran was selected as a case study. Firstly, the quality and quantity of inputting wastewater into refinery and outputting wastewater effluent were measured on important parameters of pH, TDS, TSS, COD, BOD and wastewater temperature in refinery laboratory of industrial state of Qom Shokouhieh during 12 months from March 2012 to March 2013. Then analysis of chemical, biological and physical indicators of irrigation wastewater (effluent) and measurement of heavy metals were done in June 2012 and January 2013 according to the standards instruction for the water and wastewater treatment. Also, heavy metals, EC, pH, and Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, k+ of soil of industrial estate of Qom Shokouhieh were studied. Then, Rapid Impact Assessment Method (RIAM) and Entropy Method were used to analyze the data. In Rapid Impact Assessment Method, socio-cultural, physicochemical, biological and economic environments get the highest negative impacts respectively. In Entropy Method after weighting the environmental factors, public health and other disease parameters with the weight of 0.147, soil chemical properties with the weight of 0.136, soil toxicity with the weight of 0.126 were allocated the first rate up to the third rate respectively. After comparing the results of these two methods with each other, the main limitation of using wastewater effluent of industrial estate of Qom Shokouhie in irrigation of green space is entering chemical pollutants (nitrate) into groundwater, salinity and toxicity of soil of industrial state and endangerment of workers and labors public health who work in industrial state of Qom Shokouhie (specially the labors who exposure directly with the wastewater effluent and labors work in refinery).
Highlights
During the past decades, rapid industrial developments in different countries have been putting an increasing pressure on the water resource requirement in the island country [1]
There is not Special River around Shokouhieh industrial state; the only thing is a dry stream of a river that in emergency situations the wastewater effluent is disposed there
The amount of BOD5, COD, pH and turbidity in the soil are at standard level, so there is no problem for labors who work at Shokouhie industrial state
Summary
Rapid industrial developments in different countries have been putting an increasing pressure on the water resource requirement in the island country [1]. [10] studied about secondly sewage irrigation impact on soil’s geochemical features in east Tunisia They found that developed irrigation by infiltration sewage will increase salinity of soil and this salt will change soil’s structure. [11] studied about related risks of sewage reusing for environment in Greece and Cyprus They found that the human’s health and environmental ecosystems are more important than water balance and water management. The irrigation by sewage influence on crop’s quality was studied in Tunisia [12] They found that though this method is a very effective way but it is a big risk for agriculture’s crops and green environment and changing crops and food quality is the biggest risk among them. They found that though this method is a very effective way but it is a big risk for agriculture’s crops and green environment and changing crops and food quality is the biggest risk among them. [13] studied about irrigation by sewage and environmental hygiene in Australia and showed that because of world’s limited source, sewage reusing and resumption are an urgent way but public health and environment must be preserved
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