Abstract
Self-management plays a vital role in improving health outcomes and reducing costs in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors. Based on existing studies, rural residents with CVD and/or risk factors show low engagement in self-management behaviors. Due to low participation in behavioral intervention trials, the most promising mechanism to promote self-management among rural populations is unknown. In turn, the purpose of this article is to review the evidence that supports strategies to recruit and retain rural patients to participate in behavioral intervention trials aimed to promote self-management of CVD and its risk factors. This review is expected to assist researchers in identifying effective solutions to overcome barriers in the recruitment and retention processes when conducting intervention research studies on the self-management of CVD in rural communities.
Highlights
In rural communities, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is 13.1%, compared to 11.2% in urban communities (Health Data Interactive, 2014; National Center for Health Statistics, 2012)
The prevalence of CVD is 13.1%, compared to 11.2% in urban communities (Health Data Interactive, 2014; National Center for Health Statistics, 2012). This increased rate leads to disproportionate care burdens among individuals and healthcare service providers in rural areas
The average age of the rural population continues to increase, along with the proportion of older persons living with CVD and other comorbidities (Dibartolo & McCrone, 2003; Health Data Interactive, 2014; National Center for Health Statistics, 2012)
Summary
The prevalence of CVD is 13.1%, compared to 11.2% in urban communities (Health Data Interactive, 2014; National Center for Health Statistics, 2012). This increased rate leads to disproportionate care burdens among individuals and healthcare service providers in rural areas Individuals in rural areas living with CVD and risk factors of CVD (e.g., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy diets) often show low engagement in self-management behaviors The purpose of this review is to improve research participation by examining strategies to recruit and retain rural patients with CVD or its risk factors to participate in behavioral intervention trials intended to promote self-management behaviors
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