[Review] Sarcopenia in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): All to Know from Basic to Nutritional Interventions from Hospital to Home

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) became a worldwide pandemic with a high hospitalisation rate in March 2020. COVID-19 infection and sarcopenia concentrate on a same pathway that higher the risk of sarcopenia. The resulted sarcopenia can cause severity of the disease, lower the treatment efficiency and physical disabilities for surviving COVID-19 patients. This review provides a practical overview of the importance, metabolism, mechanism, and link of COVID-19 with Sarcopenia. In addition, all the concerns and treatments that healthcare expertise required to consider from the hospital to patients home with their timeline are explained. Nevertheless, sarcopenia is not limited to the hospital and can continue developing long after the COVID-19 recovery. This situation makes continuous follow-up, sarcopenia monitoring, and interventions necessary until the removal of risks even after recovery. Otherwise, a higher prevalence of sarcopenia and, as a result, higher morbidity, mortality, dependency, and disabilities in survived COVID-19 patients can be expected.