Abstract
The major environmental problem facing the world is the contamination due to toxic chemicals released by industries. When the industrial process increases rapidly, their chemical reactions to form harmful by-products continue to increase. The level of pollution is increased by industrial effluent, which is been identified as a major polluting agent. The remedy for industrial effluent is bioremediation. Bioremediation is the clean-up process of effluents by microbes and plant enzymes. Microorganisms like bacteria, algae, yeast, and fungus naturally can degrade toxic substances in the environment. Bioremediation techniques like phytoremediation, Phyto stabilization, hemofiltration, augmentation, biosorption, hyperaccumulation, mineralization, excavation, stabilization and mycoremediation, and so on. In this chapter, we are dealing with a promising technique of mycoremediation, where the toxic compounds are removed by fungus. Fungal enzymes like Peroxidase, catalases, and laccases can degrade heavy metals, paper, and pulp effluents, petroleum products, and sludge wastes. Fungus is the most powerful composer for secreting strong cellular enzymes due to their aggressive growth and biomass production. Here we discuss the role of fungal species in the remediation, yield, and tolerance capacity to reduce the influence of toxins.
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