Review on Windbreaks Agroforestry as a Climate Smart Agriculture Practices

Abstract

Nowadays, climate variability and changes are among the main environmental challenge within the world. The negative implication of global climate change on the agricultural sector is unequivocal, as its consequences affect the livelihoods of particularly smallholder farmers within the tropics. Windbreaks agroforestry practices has been offered as a climate smart agriculture technologies or practices to reduce the global climate variability and climate change. It is one of the most important adaptation and mitigation strategies of climate change. This review paper focuses on the importance of windbreaks agroforestry practices in global climate change adaptation and mitigation, the role of windbreak technology at the farm and landscape levels, effects of windbreaks on reduction wind speed and soil protection, role of windbreaks to reduce the vulnerability of climate change. Windbreaks can improve the efficiency of ecological and ecosystem services provided by natural resource. If planned properly, nitrogen-fixing trees also can provide direct benefits for increasing the productivity of agricultural crops in an organic way and by resulting higher yields. They enhance animal health, feed efficiency, reduce smells, and increase producers' economic returns when utilized in livestock production systems. Windbreaks can help boost crop productivity, diversify goods, and lift farm revenue by improving soil quality and reducing erosion, improving water quality and reducing flooding damage, improving animal habitat and biodiversity, and lowering pest control inputs. Within the final section, the precise challenges to adapting windbreaks agroforestry practices and adoption mechanisms were reviewed. Windbreaks agroforestry systems may prove to be very useful component of agricultural adaptation as both an economically feasible adaptation strategy for smallholder farmers vulnerable to climate change as well as a profitable greenhouse gas mitigation opportunity.