Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer in consumer products. People are continuously exposed to DEHP through ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption. From epidemiological studies, DEHP has been shown to associate with various adverse health effects, such as reproductive abnormalities and metabolic diseases. Health concerns have been raised regarding DEHP exposures; therefore, relevant risk assessment has become necessary through toxicological testing of DEHP. In the past 10 years, an increasing number of DEHP toxicity studies have been using zebrafish embryos as an in vivo model due to their high fecundity, rapid embryonic development as well as optical transparency, which have now been established as an alternative of the more conventional rodent model. The aim of the present paper is to review the effects of acute (from embryo stage to 1 week) and chronic (from embryo stage to 1 week) DEHP exposures on zebrafish, which start from the embryonic stage, and to analyze acute and potential long-term effects induced by acute exposure and effects induced by chronic exposure of DEHP upon subjecting to exposures, starting from the embryonic stage to different developmental stages, with a view to facilitate risk assessments on DEHP exposures.
Highlights
Published: 21 August 2021Phthalates have been widely applied as plasticizers to enhance the flexibility of plastic in consumer products, such as toys, food containers, cosmetics, personal care products and furniture as well as medical devices [1], but at the same time have been recognized as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) [2]
Ten widely used phthalates were summarized by Wang et al, including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), the structures of which are depicted in Figure 1 [6]
We summarized the effects of acute and chronic exposures on zebrafish, summarized the effects of acute and chronic Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposures on zebrafish, which which from the embryonic stage, and analyzed acute and potential long-term startedstarted from the embryonic stage, and analyzed acute and potential long-term effects efinfects induced byexposures, acute exposures, and induced effects induced by exposures chronic exposures duced by acute and effects by chronic of DEHPofthrough through various biological at developmental different developmental stages of the in zebrafish, various biological endpointsendpoints at different stages of the zebrafish, order to in order to facilitate risk assessment onoutlined
Summary
Phthalates have been widely applied as plasticizers to enhance the flexibility of plastic in consumer products, such as toys, food containers, cosmetics, personal care products and furniture as well as medical devices [1], but at the same time have been recognized as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) [2]. [7].DINP, LMW-phthalates are used in paints, and body-care products, DEHP, DIDP) [7]. Phthalate consumption, has beenadverse associated with various health DEHP effects has [8]. Reviewed adverse health effects inepidemiological studies [17,18,19,20,21,22]. Researchers adopted zebrafish embryos for studying developmental toxic effects of EDC exposures [32,33,34]. Segner reviewed the studies which employed the zebrafish model to evaluate endocrine disrupting effects of different EDCs, such as Bisphenol A (BPA), ethynylestradiol (EE2) and phytosterols [31]
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