Abstract
With the advent of electric vehicles (EVs) in the modern era to attain a sustainable environment, carbon neutrality, and energy-efficient solutions, demand for Li-ion batteries increased drastically. Lithium-ion batteries are preferred over other batteries for application in electric vehicles owing to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, the safety concerns due to thermal runaway issues, excessive heat generation during the fast charge/discharge process, and cycle life degeneration at high temperatures are severe setbacks for EVs commercialization. The cycle life and the performance of the Li-ion battery pack greatly depend on the temperature of operation, and so the operating temperature of the battery packs must be at the optimum range. The battery thermal management system (BTMS) plays a crucial role in maintaining the temperature of the battery packs at an optimum level to achieve the best performance and high safety. This review article provides a comprehensive summary of the recent developments in several battery thermal management systems (BTMS). This includes air-based, liquid-based, heat pipe, phase-change material, and the combination of these cooling methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the several BTMS are also compared and discussed. This review article can provide new insights for future energy researchers for designing an efficient BTMS for next-generation EVs.
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