Abstract
Tungsten being a transition element, forms oxide compounds of various oxidation states that enables it to form nanocolloids of tungsten oxide dihydrate. Multiple methods have been used in recent years to synthesize nano tungsten oxide dihydrate, including sol-gel synthesis, electrochemical deposition, hydrothermal synthesis and anodization. However, a universally accepted synthesis method for this material is not offered. The most appropriate method and its corresponding processing parameters for the synthesis of nano tungsten oxide dihydrate colloids were presented in the present study. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of processing parameters, i.e. applied voltage, temperature and anodizing duration on the particle size of nanocolloids. It is found that anodization is the easiest, efficient, and cost-effective method to synthesize the colloidal solution of nano tungsten oxide dihydrate. Conducting the synthesis at room temperature at a voltage of 50 V for 60 minutes yields the product with particle size of 40 – 60 nm, which can be used in wide array of applications. This paper also highlights the research gaps for future work and gives recommendations to extend this study particularly for the industrial application of tungsten oxide.
Highlights
Research on the nanomaterials has accelerated rapidly in recent years due to their usage in wide-ranging applications
Researchers have commonly used sol-gel Synthesis [11], hydrolysis [12], electrodeposition [13] and anodization [14] for the synthesis. Each of these methods have their own impact on the structure of the synthesized material including particle size, conductivity and antibacterial properties it is vital to study these methods for the uniformity in synthesis of nano structured tungsten oxide dihydrate for its wider usage in the applications [15,16]
The research primarily focused on Sol-gel synthesis, hydrothermal synthesis, electrochemical deposition and anodization
Summary
Research on the nanomaterials has accelerated rapidly in recent years due to their usage in wide-ranging applications. Nanostructures of transition metal oxides have significantly interested the researchers to study the unique properties exhibited by them because they are characterized by multiple oxidation states. Tungsten being a transition metal with multiple oxidation numbers, forms numerous oxides and hydrates with the valuable properties which makes it suitable to be used for various applications. Researchers have commonly used sol-gel Synthesis [11], hydrolysis [12], electrodeposition [13] and anodization [14] for the synthesis Each of these methods have their own impact on the structure of the synthesized material including particle size, conductivity and antibacterial properties it is vital to study these methods for the uniformity in synthesis of nano structured tungsten oxide dihydrate for its wider usage in the applications [15,16]. Their impact on the formation of tungsten oxide nanostructures will be discussed
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