Review on the Role of Biofilm Formation in Bacterial Pathogenesis

Abstract

Biofilms are defined as a accumulation of microorganisms living in a self-assembled matrix of polymeric substances that adheres to a variety of surfaces. Depending on the interaction between the surface and constituent cells, biofilms can be monolayer or multilayer. Initial attachment, irreversible attachment, micro colony growth, biofilm maturation, and biofilm dispersal are the five steps of the biofilm formation process. The processes that contribute tobiofilm formation are a dynamic and complicated process. Biofilm Formation Causes many bacteria have the ability to transition between planktonic and biofilm forms. The biofilm state appears to be a natural and prevalent condition of bacteria. Biofilm-forming bacteria are important for animal health. The risk of infection in animal species is likely to be higher than in humans. Because of the differences in animal housing and living conditions. Microorganisms capable of generating biofilms include P. aeruginosa, S. epidermidis, E. colispp, S. aureus, E. cloacae, and K. pneumonia. Bacterial pathogenesis of biofilms occurs frequently on medical devices and bits of dead tissue, such as sequestra of dead bone; nevertheless, they canals of or nonliving tissues. Biofilms in bacterial infections can improve the pathogenicity of the organism while also protecting it from external treatment. UV radiation, pH stress, chemical exposure, phagocytosis, dehydration, and antibiotics are all threats to cells that biofilms protect them. The Role of Signaling in Biofilm Formation is the bond between environmental stimuli and the bacteria’ reciprocation of the relevant signaling is required for the formation of a biofilm. Two-component systems and Quorum sensing can both be induced by these sensing systems. Tissue culture plate, cong red agar, and bioluminescent assay are some of the laboratory tests used to diagnose biofilm. The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance among bacteria is one of the world’s most serious health issues. One of the implications of the bacterial biofilm communities that lead to persistent illnesses is antibiotic resistance.