Abstract
Niger Delta environment had suffered from impacts of waste over the years. The significant wastes in the region are crude oil and municipal wastes. Studies have shown the effect and fate of contaminants in the environment and human life. This paper reviews the impact and fate of contaminants in the Niger Delta environment with the focus on crude oil waste and municipal waste. The substantial quantities of waste generated resulted from unreasonable consumption and production, non-compliance to environmental laws and regulations, migration to urban cities, and sporadic expansion of unregulated industrial operations. These contaminants affect various life forms, natural resources, and increase the rate of global warming. It is of urgent importance for concerted efforts from corporate bodies, government, and individuals to ensure proper implementation of effective, safe management of waste. This review used Niger Delta environmental contaminant analysis and remediation case studies to highlight the fate of organic and inorganic contaminants and their associated adverse effects on the environment. This review contains secondary data from online journal articles, radio, symposium, doctoral thesis, organisations, and websites. Keywords: Crude oil, Heavy hydrocarbons, Spills, Dumpsite, Pesticides, Fate, contaminants, Toxic, Degradation. DOI: 10.7176/JEES/10-5-05 Publication date: May 31 st 2020
Highlights
Contaminants are materials or substances that have adverse impacts on the environment
In situ burning, and landfill, which causes environmental pollution, is the most common method of waste disposal in Niger delta (Onwughara et al, 2010). This reviewed paper discussed the fate of contaminants in the Niger Delta, as it is vital for risk assessment and determines the exposure of an ecological receptor to the contaminants (McMillen et al, 2001)
Plastic debris soaks up Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) about 100 times better than naturally occurring materials such as sediment and algae (Engler, 2012)
Summary
Contaminants are materials or substances that have adverse impacts on the environment. The toxic effects of petroleum contamination on the Niger Delta environment have led to the loss of livelihoods, depletion of natural resources, health issues, and loss of life. In situ burning, and landfill, which causes environmental pollution, is the most common method of waste disposal in Niger delta (Onwughara et al, 2010). This reviewed paper discussed the fate of contaminants in the Niger Delta, as it is vital for risk assessment and determines the exposure of an ecological receptor to the contaminants (McMillen et al, 2001).
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