Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a widely distributed zoonotic infection caused by the obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It is mainly transmitted through the ingestion of oocysts shed by an infected cat acting as its definitive host. The key to effective control and treatment of toxoplasmosis is prompt and accurate detection of T. gondii infection. Several laboratory diagnostic methods have been established, including the most commonly used serological assays such as the dye test (DT), direct or modified agglutination test (DAT/MAT), indirect hemagglutination test (IHA), latex agglutination test (LAT), indirect immunofluorescent test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunochromatographic tests (ICT), and the western blot. Nonetheless, creating specific and reliable approaches for serodiagnosis of T. gondii infection, and differentiating between acute and chronic phases of infection remains a challenge. This review provides information on the current trends in the serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis. It highlights the advantages of the use of recombinant proteins for serological testing and provides insight into the possible future direction of these methods.
Highlights
Toxoplasmosis is a widely distributed zoonotic infection caused by the obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii
Four tetravalent recombinant chimeric proteins (SAG2-GRA1-ROP1-AMA1N, AMA1N-SAG2-GRA1ROP1, AMA1C-SAG2-GRA1-ROP1, and AMA1-SAG2-GRA1ROP1) acquired through genetic engineering were evaluated for their efficacy in detecting specific IgM and IgG antibodies from T. gondii-infected human sera
Serological diagnosis plays a crucial role in the identification of T. gondii infections in both humans and other animals
Summary
Toxoplasmosis is a widely distributed zoonotic infection caused by the obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Many papers have reported positive results on the utility of specific recombinant proteins that identify the phase of infection during the testing of human sera. Another IgG avidity test that applied recombinant ROP1 antigen detected specific lowavidity antibodies in most of the sera from individuals with acute toxoplasmosis, high-avidity antibodies were detected in sera from patients with chronic infection (Holec-Gasior et al, 2010).
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