Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are the leading global cause of bacterial colon infections in humans. Enteropathogens are subjected to several stress conditions in the host colon, food complexes, and the environment. Species of the genus Campylobacter, in collective interactions with certain enteropathogens, can manage and survive such stress conditions. The stress-adaptation mechanisms of Campylobacter spp. diverge from other enteropathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, S. enterica ser. Paratyphi, S. enterica ser. Typhimurium, and species of the genera Klebsiella and Shigella. This review summarizes the different mechanisms of various stress-adaptive factors on the basis of species diversity in Campylobacter, including their response to various stress conditions that enhance their ability to survive on different types of food and in adverse environmental conditions. Understanding how these stress adaptation mechanisms in Campylobacter, and other enteric bacteria, are used to overcome various challenging environments facilitates the fight against resistance mechanisms in Campylobacter spp., and aids the development of novel therapeutics to control Campylobacter in both veterinary and human populations.
Highlights
Campylobacter are a Gram-negative, slender, microaerophilic bacteria with a spiral or curved shape (0.2–0.8 mm × 0.5–5 mm)
Campylobacter use a range of approaches for environmental and genomic survival, and molecular studies have facilitated a better understanding of these processes
The reported differences in various strains of C. jejuni highlight the constraints of drawing generalized conclusions from individual strain research
Summary
Se-Hun Kim 1,2*†, Ramachandran Chelliah 2*†, Sudha Rani Ramakrishnan 3, Ayyappasamy Sudalaiyadum Perumal 4, Woo-Suk Bang 5, Momna Rubab 2, Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri 2, Kaliyan Barathikannan 2, Fazle Elahi 2, Eunji Park 2, Hyeon Yeong Jo 2, Su-Bin Hwang 2 and Deog Hwan Oh 2*. This review summarizes the different mechanisms of various stress-adaptive factors on the basis of species diversity in Campylobacter, including their response to various stress conditions that enhance their ability to survive on different types of food and in adverse environmental conditions. Understanding how these stress adaptation mechanisms in Campylobacter, and other enteric bacteria, are used to overcome various challenging environments facilitates the fight against resistance mechanisms in Campylobacter spp., and aids the development of novel therapeutics to control Campylobacter in both veterinary and human populations
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