Abstract
Simple SummaryAggression in dogs is often a reason for abandonment and/or euthanasia. Recently, knowledge about aggression has been subjected to more detailed analysis. In recent years, it has been studied in terms of factors affecting it, such as diet (especially nutritional supplements) and physiology (endocrine system). In addition, recently, new methods of brain research, such as neurocognitive research, have appeared, which enable a significant increase in knowledge about dog behavior, including aggression.Aggression as a behavior is not always desirable, often ends in abandonment and/or euthanasia. However, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of unwanted aggression in domestic dogs. Aggression is not a fully understood phenomenon. In recent years, many studies have focused on the influence of diet and physiology (including the endocrine system) on the emergence of behavioral disorders. In particular, the emphasis was put on nutritional additives such as fatty acids, amino acids, and probiotics. In addition, the possibility of using neurocognition in the observation of abnormal behavior in dogs has also been discussed, which may allow for a more detailed determination of the basis of aggressive behavior in dogs. In this review, the concepts related to aggression and its potential causes have been gathered. In addition, the possible influence of diet and hormones on aggression in dogs has been discussed, as well as the application of neurocognition in the possibility of its diagnosis.
Highlights
It is estimated that dogs are the first animal species domesticated by humans
The authors of this study suggest the possibility of using specific probiotics in the future to stabilize the microbiome of aggressive dogs because, according to preliminary analyzes, the microbiome of aggressive dogs are characterized by a higher level of Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria phyla, including Lactobacillus, and a lower level of Bacteroides, it requires for further research [92,93]
Studies from recent years related to negative dog behavior, especially aggression in dogs, and in particular its causes, have not been fully understood to this day
Summary
It is estimated that dogs are the first animal species domesticated by humans. As a result of selective breeding, about 400 different breeds of dogs are recognized around the world, representing a large variety in terms of size, use, or weight [1–3]. Maternal aggression resembles territorial and distancing aggression, because the female dog in most cases, fiercely defends the puppies and the place where she gave birth or the place where the puppies usually live [18] It is a type of defensive aggression of moderate intensity. Usually in such situations the dog’s guardian intervenes, who may become a victim of aggression, which may deteriorate the bond between him and the dog [19] It is a type of defensive aggression that is a natural behavior for any living being. The following types of aggression can be distinguished; defensive, distancing, territorial, maternal, irritable, fearful, displaced, Animals 2022, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW. The following types of aggression can be distinguished; defensive, distancing, territorial, maternal, irritable, fearful, displaced, competitive between dogs, competitive between dogs and people, possessive, cpoomsspeesstiitvive,e bbeettwweeeenn ddooggss, cboemlopngetiintgivetobedtiwffeeerenndtosgoscaianldgproeuopplse,, hpuonsstiensgsi,veex, cpeossssiveses,ivoen, bcoemtwmeeanndd,oegtsc.bFeilgounrgein1g[1t7o].different social groups, hunting, excessive, on command, etc.
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