Review on Production and Marketing of Wheat in Ethiopia

Chernet Worku,Mamaru Abebe

doi:10.11648/j.ijae.20200504.16

Abstract

Among the most important crops grown in Ethiopia wheat is one, both as a source of food and income generating venture for farmers in the country. Wheat and wheat products represent 14% of the total caloric intake in Ethiopia. Wheat is a cereal crop, which is produced in most parts of Ethiopia. Ethiopia is the second next to Egypt in Africa in wheat production which is 4.54 million tons. This study was aimed at reviewing wheat production and marketing in Ethiopia, with specific objectives of reviewing the wheat Production, supply and its Constraints in Ethiopia, major Marketing actors and function of wheat in Ethiopia, marketing structure, conduct and performance of wheat in Ethiopia as well as constraints and opportunities of wheat marketing in Ethiopia. The data were collected from secondary sources mainly from FAOSTAT, CSA and different published materials on wheat market chain in Ethiopia. The general idea of the review shows that Ethiopia has potential for wheat production but the two sides of agricultural constraints are production and marketing from the producer side faced with Rain failure, higher fertilizer price and delayed delivery, Soil erosion, Labor shortage, Lack of credit access, Lack of Draft power and Prevalence of crop diseases. On marketing side, lack of market information providing institutions, higher input price, multiple taxes, chemical herbicides adulteration, absence of road service, poor product quality and high cost of input, weak market linkages among market. In wheat marketing, the major actors identified during the review were; producers, farmer traders, urban assemblers, wholesalers, retailers, processors (millers, flour mill), consumers and commission agent. The market actors involved in different activities (wholesaling, retailing, assembly). Therefore, the government and other concerned bodies should focus on increasing production and productivity of wheat which in turn focused for establishing well wheat market development for mutual benefits of all actors.

Highlights

In Africa wheat is one of the major cereals and a staple crop
SNNP accounts for 13 percent and Tigray 8 percent
The main wheat growing areas of Ethiopia are the highlands of the central, south-eastern and northwest parts of the country

Summary

Introduction

In Africa wheat is one of the major cereals and a staple crop. Demand for wheat is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa because of income growth, urbanization and dietary diversification [1]. Sub-Saharan countries, and Africa as a whole, produce only about 30% and 40% of their domestic requirements respectively causing heavy dependence on imports and making the region highly vulnerable to global market and supply shocks [1]. In Ethiopia wheat (Triticum sp.) is the fourth most important cereal food crop next to tef (Eragrostistef (Zucc.) Trotter), maize (Zea mays L.), and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench). National total production and productivity of wheat during 2011 were 2.86 million metric tons and 1.83 t ha-1, respectively [2]. To increase the farmers production and productivity of wheat remove this problem by taking into account via training from agricultural extension sectors and grow wheat in cluster

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Conclusion