Review on Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Poultry Salmonella in Ethiopia

Abstract

Salmonellosis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in village and large scale poultry farms. This paper was aimed to review on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of poultry Salmonella in Ethiopia. The risk factors associated with Salmonella in laying hens that the presence of previous Salmonella infection, multi-age management, cage housing systems, rearing pullets on the floor, induced molting and in-line egg processing were factors associated with Salmonella infection. Among them, many isolates were S. braenderup, S. typhimurium var. copenhagen, S. anatum and S. typhimurium isolates were dominant Salmonella serotypes. Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem in general, but it might be more severe in Ethiopia where there is lack of antimicrobial resistance assessments of Salmonella and lack of rigorous regulations. During the last decade, there has been an alarming increase in the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria as a result of poor management in antibiotic utilization. Poultry Salmonella are excellent examples of diseases that have decreased in prevalence in some of the developed countries or have been eradicated by application of basic management procedures or eradication programs. Every effort should be made to eradicate Salmonella and treatment should be the last option.