Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease, which is recognized as a common threat to health in the last decade, especially in Asia. It is a lifestyle disease which may cause a number of complications in the body of humans like cardiac failure and dysfunctioning of urinary tract. Materials and Methods: The data is obtained from various search tools and electronic databases like, scientific literature, Google scholar, Google, Pubmed, Web of science and Scopus. Results: Major therapy for diabetes is insulin, oralantidiabetic drugs, and herbal treatment. However, insulin and oral anti-diabetic drugs come with a number of side effects and cannot be afforded by people with below poverty line. The herbal medicines have performed a satisfactory clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, pharmacological & phytochemical screening of medicinal plants has also witnessed the hypoglycaemic effects of these plants in treating diabetes mellitus. Majority of the modern drugs like metformin, atropine, digitalis, etc. are also originated from plants. Conclusion: The current paper presents a review of medicinal plants used for diabetes management in India. The therapeutic potential, ethnobotanical use, and their pharmacological evaluations are highlighted for harnessing the anti-diabetic potential of these plants by the Indian healthcare system.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major challenges across the globe, resulting in great financial and medical burden to the patients 1
Pharmacological & phytochemical screening of medicinal plants has witnessed the hypoglycaemic effects of these plants in treating diabetes mellitus
The current paper presents a review of medicinal plants used for diabetes management in India
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major challenges across the globe, resulting in great financial and medical burden to the patients 1. Nagarathna et al 5 stated that the diabetic population of India is projected to reach 79.4 million by 2030. The estimated prevalence of diabetes in age group 20-79 of Bangladesh is 9.85%, India 8.31%, Sri lanka 7.77%, Pakistan 6.72%, whereas it is recorded as 3.03% for the nepal 7. The age-related prevalence of diabetes in India is higher in comparison to some other populations 8. The prime factors for contributing increased level of type II diabetes and hyperinsulinemia in Indians are low muscle mass, typical abdominal deposition pattern, racial predisposition and excessive body fat 10. Diabetes occurs in various forms but type I, type II and gestational are the dominating ones 11. Type I diabetes occurs when beta cells does not produces sufficient amount of insulin. Microvascular complications includes nephropathy (kidney damage), retinopathy (eye damage), neuropathy (nerves damage) and macrovascular includes peripheral vascular disease (poor circulation to the limb), cardiovascular diseases (risk of heart attack), cerebrovascular disease (risk of stroke) 15
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