Abstract
Plant diseases have caused severe losses to humans in several ways. The goal of plant disease management is to reduce the economic and aesthetic damage caused by plant diseases. The main objective of this review was to understand about a gene pyramiding concepts with principles &application in disease management. Disease management procedures are frequently determined by disease forecasting or disease modeling rather than on either a calendar or prescription basis. Correct diagnosis of a disease is necessary to identify the pathogen, which is the real target of any disease management program. Improving disease resistance in crops is crucial for stable food production. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which usually have smaller individual effects than R-genes but confer broad-spectrum or non-race-specific resistance, can contribute to durable disease resistance (DR). Gene pyramiding holds greater prospects to attain durable resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses in crop. Agene pyramiding involves the use of several genes in a single cultivar to provide a wider base of disease resistance.
Highlights
Plant diseases have caused severe losses to humans in several ways
There have been advances in the mapping of genes involved in the variation of quantitative traits; through quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping experiments and analysis of genomic data
MAS based gene pyramiding provides a more rapid tool to introduce new disease resistance specificities into crop plants. [16], have underwent a gene pyramiding approach in which three powdery mildew resistance gene combinations, Pm2 + Pm4a, Pm2 + Pm21, Pm4a + Pm21 were successfully integrated into an elite wheat cultivar 'Yang158' [31]
Summary
Plant diseases have caused severe losses to humans in several ways. Starvation and uprooting of families resulted from the Irish famine caused by potato late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans) [1]. The many strategies, tactics and techniques used in disease management can be grouped under one or more very broad principles of action. Development of disease-resistant plants has been relatively successful with annual and biennial plants, but less so with perennials, primarily because of the longer time required to develop and test the progeny. Woody perennials, such as ornamental, forest, and orchard trees, has been especially difficult for plant breeders to develop useful disease resistance [8]. The use of race-specific resistance genes (R-genes) is a major strategy for disease control, these genes are vulnerable to counter evolution of pathogens. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which usually have smaller individual effects than R-genes but confer broad-spectrum or non-race-specific resistance, can contribute to durable disease resistance (DR) [9]
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