Review on Phenotypic Characterization and Breeding Practice of Indigenous Chicken Populations in Ethiopia

Andualem Yihun

doi:10.11648/j.ijee.20210601.14

Abstract

The review was conducted to Phenotypic Characterization and breeding practice of Indigenous Chicken Populations in Ethiopia. Concerned with breeding practice of producers of indigenous chicken were practiced for improved their chicken productivity through cross breeding and pure breeding methods. Indigenous chickens don’t have phenotypic standards and their classification is given based on colours and name of place where they are characterized. Still those local chickens are non-descriptive type and show variations in body position, plumage colour, comb type, their adaptation and productivity. Scavenging production systems is the dominant management practices of chicken with small feed supplementation. High incidence of chicken diseases, mainly (NCD) is the major economically important constraints for village chicken production systems followed by feed shortage and predators in the country. Since local chickens have good potential to adapt in different agro-ecology and make available well-appointed source of family protein and income for rural people. Indigenous breeds of chickens are playing an important role in rural economies in most of the developing countries. They play a major role for the rural poor people with respect to their subsidiary income and provide them with nutritious of chicken egg and meat for their own consumption. The present review was made to document the importance of indigenous chicken characterizations and breeding Practices in Ethiopia for rural economy and its improvement with respect to performance.

Highlights

Poultry is the largest number of livestock group in the world estimated to be about 23.39 billion, consisting mainly of chickens, ducks and turkeys [1]
The present review was made to document the importance of indigenous chicken characterizations and breeding Practices in Ethiopia for rural economy and its improvement with respect to performance
Concerned with different studies in different part of Ethiopia revealed that village chicken breeding was reported by Addis [6]; 89.21% was uncontrolled and 10.78% was Controlled in Gonder and Markos [4] 96.4% was uncontrolled and 3.6% was only Controlled respectively were reported

Summary

Introduction

Poultry is the largest number of livestock group in the world estimated to be about 23.39 billion, consisting mainly of chickens, ducks and turkeys [1]. 2. Breeding Objectives of Indigenous Chicken (Melaku, Agide., and Salo) [8,9,10] in South Wollo, in North Shewa and in Hadiya Zone respectively was reported that the breeding Objectives (purpose) of indigenous Chicken production was source of cash income more important than egg production, meat production for home consumption and cultural/religious practice. The Purpose of rural producers of indigenous chicken were high for egg production reported by Mearg [11] in the Central Tigray, this was 0.334 Index value for egg production, 0.157 Index value for Cultural/Religious practice, 0.115 Index value Meat production for home consumption and 0.101 Index value Source of income respectively, was reviewed in Table 1 below. Meat production for home consumption 0.297 Index 13.3% 0.17 Index 0.115 Index 0.358 Index 19.4% For consumption 0.287 Index 23.9%

Breeding Practice of Indigenous Chicken

Breeding and Selection Practices of Indigenous Chicken

Variation in Qualitative Traits

Variation in Quantitative Traits

Findings

Conclusion