Abstract
Proper nutrition is one of the factors which is limiting onion production. Onion yield and quality is affected by fertilization of macro and micro nutrients. Mineral nutrients, Nitrogen, phosphorous and Potassium are macronutrients which significantly affect onion production. Nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization significantly affect growth, yield and quality of onion. The requirement of mineral fertilizer varies from place to place, depending on different factors in the growing areas. Effective use of N, P and K fertilizer depends on soil condition, irrigation system, climatic factors and management factors. In all different research reports, it is described that onion is a heavy feeder for N, P, K and the application of these mineral elements enhance production significantly. The quality of onion, physiology and production is highly limited by fertilization of N, P and K fertilizers. Therefore, in this review the effect of mineral nutrition on growth, physiology and yield of onion are discussed and examined in detail.
Highlights
Allium crops and their relatives are recognized as a distinct family, the Alliaceae
Other reports indicated that yield increment in onion due to K fertilization is associated with its significant impact on synthesis of carbohydrates and proteins
Potassium and phosphorous have significant a role on onion production. The effect of this mineral fertilizers is very high on plant growth, physiology, unmarketable bulb yield, total bulb yield and marketable yield of onion
Summary
Allium crops and their relatives are recognized as a distinct family, the Alliaceae. According to estimations, there are about 750 species in the genus Allium, among which onion, Japanese bunching onion, leeks and garlic are the most important edible Allium crops [1]. Nitrogen is the main building block in cells as it accounts 7% of the total dry matter of most plants [12] Since it is present in soil, air and water in different forms, it is very complex kind of mineral nutrient. Phosphorus scarcity is one of the most serious problems to onion cultivation in areas, owing to low availability and high P immobilization in soils [15]. In this regard, response to added P in such kind of areas is higher than others. In view of the above, this review is done with the objective of: to review and examine effect of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers on physiology, yield and yield components onion
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