Abstract
The millimeter wave (mmWave) band is considered as the potential candidate for high speed communication services in 5G networks due to its huge bandwidth. Moreover, mmWave frequencies lead to miniaturization of RF front end including antennas. In this article, we provide an overview of recent research achievements of millimeter-wave antenna design along with the design considerations for compact antennas and antennas in package/on chip, mostly in the 60 GHz band is described along with their inherent benefits and challenges. A comparative analysis of various designs is also presented. The antennas with wide bandwidth, high-gain, compact size and low profile with easiness of integration in-package or on-chip with other components are required for 5G enabled applications.
Highlights
The operation of 5G enabled applications will be determined based on the spectrum selection, propagation characteristics, antenna technology, transceiver integration, and digital signal processing of wideband technology
The investigation of 60 GHz antenna technology has attracted increasing attention and remarkably, the analysis and design of those antennas is widely reported in numerous research papers [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8].In [2], a multi-layer antenna is presented with mounted horn integrated on FR4, which can achieve a gain of 11.65 dBi
For simplicity of fabrication, Printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antennas are designed in the mmwave frequency which provides enormous bandwidth with stable gain over the entire frequency range as well as simple geometrical design [10]
Summary
The operation of 5G enabled applications will be determined based on the spectrum selection, propagation characteristics, antenna technology, transceiver integration, and digital signal processing of wideband technology. The phenomenon of larger path loss and oxygen absorption of 10 to 15 dB per km near 60 GHz band makes 60-GHz link small which allow frequencies to be reused more often to increase the network capacity This is an attractive feature in developing system design for future 5G wireless communication but required high gain antenna. In case of non-line-of-sight applications, antenna array with high gain and beamforming capabilities is expected for enhancing the link budget and avoiding multipath propagation loss. This usually requires larger arrays, but again high precision fabrication techniques are required as well as error tolerant designs and low loss interconnection. In all cases adequate broadband channel models are required to enable system level design
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