Abstract
Neospora caninum was organism described as parasite of domestic dog. The tissues cysts seen in neural tissues. The disease can be transmitted by vertical and horizontal. Trans-placental infected pubis: the typical presentation is a flaccid and hind limb paresis Neospora abortion tends to peaks at mid gestation. Serological positive calves will ultimately give birth to calves that are infective and seronegative. Seropositive cow produce less milk than seronegative cows. Neosparn caninum was shown to use cattle as intermediate host and dog as definitive hosts. The most recommendation for prevention is try to prevent fecal contamination of feed and water on the dairy. Trichomonas fetus found in the vagina, uterus, macerated fetus, prepuce, epididymis and vasdeferense. Bovine trichomoniasis is venereal disease manifest in the cow and heifers by infertility, abortion up to 5 ts month after breading pyometra, and fetal mummification. Therefore, some of the common causes of abortion on cattle are discussed in detail in this review. Keywords: abortion, cattle, trichomoniasis, diagnosis, neosporiasis DOI : 10.7176/JBAH/9-21-06 Publication date: November 30 th 2019
Highlights
Protozoal abortion has been recognized as a problem in the dairy herds of California since mid-1980s (Anderson et al.. 1991) and around the same times protozoan parasite of dog was identified in Norway (Bjerkas et al, 1984)
N. caninum is sporadic cause of encephalomyelitis and myocarditis in several species but its importance is association with endemic and epidemic abortion in the cattle. It is the most common diagnosis for abortion in cattle in most countries difficulty from infected calves (Miller, 2002) Trichomonas fetus, flagellate protozoa, is the cause of bulls breeds cattle herd using semen from commercial artificial insemination study service as the exclusive source of semen are not risk, herds that use custom collected and frozen semen or natural services are at risk
The infection level in dairy herd with low postnatal infection and predominantly congenital transmission was reduced by culling seropositive animals (Hall et al, 2005) there is no guarantee of minimizing the risk of post natal infection and abortion storms by having “Neospora-sterile herd” epidemic situations caused by primarily neospora exposure are generally associated with high rate of abortion rates (Mcalister et al, 2000)
Summary
Protozoal abortion has been recognized as a problem in the dairy herds of California since mid-1980s (Anderson et al.. 1991) and around the same times protozoan parasite of dog was identified in Norway (Bjerkas et al, 1984). 1991) and around the same times protozoan parasite of dog was identified in Norway (Bjerkas et al, 1984). This was subsequently named Neospora caninum (Dubey et al, 1988). Since N.caninum has been identified as a cause of abortion in many part of world and major volume of research publications has been generated (Dubey, 1999) mode of infection It is particular problem in the range of cattle, where as many as 50% of herds may be infected The objective of this paper is: To determine the major protozoa causes of abortion in cattle
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