Review on maintenance of photovoltaic systems based on deep learning and internet of things

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Many solar plants have been installed globally, and they must be continuously protected and supervised to ensure their safety and reliability. Photovoltaic plants are susceptible to many defects and failures, and fault detection technology is used to protect and isolate them. Despite numerous inter-national standards, invisible photovoltaic defects continue to cause major is-sues. As a result, smart technologies like AI (Artificial Intelligence) and IoT are being developed for remote sensing, problem detection, and diagnosis of photovoltaic systems. Solar plants generate not only green electricity but also a lot of data, such as power output. With AI, a clear picture of electricity yields should be possible. The output of entire solar parks could be monitored and analyzed. The AI could also detect malfunctions within a solar park, according to the research. This would speed up and simplify maintenance work. Deep learning (DL) and IoT applications for photovoltaic plants are discussed. The most advanced techniques, such as DL, are discussed in terms of precision and accuracy. Incorporating DL and IoT approaches for fault detection and diagnosis into simple hardware, such as low-cost chips, maybe cost-effective and technically feasible for photovoltaic facilities located in remote locations.