Abstract
Polyester fiber is a manufactured fiber composed of synthetic linear macromolecules in the chain at least 85% by mass of an ester of diol and benzene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid). Fibers of the most common polyester, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET or PET), are generally made from either terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate together with ethylene glycol. Dyeing of polyester fabric with disperse dyes, polyester requires the use of dispersing agents. The chemical characteristics and general application conditions of disperse dyes are characterized by the absence of solubilizing groups and low molecular weight. Dye particles have a size ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 microns, generally contain –NH2, substituted –NH2, or –OH groups in the structure, and get attached with the fiber through H-bond and van der Waals force. Dyes are retained by the fiber by physical forces. Fastness properties are very high in polyester except in certain cases. The dye-fiber (PET) affinity is the result of different types of interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, and van der Waals forces.
Highlights
Polyester fiber is a manufactured fiber composed of synthetic linear macromolecules in the chain at least 85% by mass of an ester of diol and benzene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid
Dispersed dye can be used by even young children to make designed son paper, which can be transferred to polyester fabrics or other synthetics with hot iron. e possibilities are endless using fabric crayons, rubber stamps, painting, and even screen printing [4]. e chemical characteristics and general application conditions of disperse dyes are characterized by the absence of solubilizing groups and low molecular weight
Cotton, silk, and later manmade ones like rayon and nylon were well known and had good dye affinity because the fibers had pendant or terminal functional chemical groups such as –NH2, –COOH, and –OH. ese dyes were developed to interact with such groups. e only way to dye polyester was to rely on van der Waals forces to hold the dye in the fiber. is dye has little or no affinity for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [9]
Summary
Polyester fiber is a manufactured fiber composed of synthetic linear macromolecules in the chain at least 85% by mass of an ester of diol and benzene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid). E polyester term is usually used for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), despite the fact that the numerous polyester forms are present. It contains methylene (-CH2-), carbonyl ( CO), and ester group (COOR) in their structure [2, 3]. Polyester fiber has a highly compacted and crystalline structure which can resist dye uptake and more hydrophobic. For this reason, aqueous dyeing is carried out at high temperature and pressure by using dispersed dyes. Dyeing polyester fiber using microwave irradiation was investigated [5, 6]. C O CH2CH2O n e polymerization reaction of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol
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